Students' evacuation behavior during an emergency at schools:A systematic literature review

Disasters and emergencies frequently happen, and some of them require population evacuation. Children can be severely affected during evacuations due to their lower capability to analyze, perceive, and answer disaster risks. Although several studies attempted to address the safety of children during the evacuation, the existing literature lacks a systematic review of students' evacuation behavior during school time. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to explore how students' evacuation behavior during school time has been addressed by previous scholars and identify gaps in knowledge. The review process included three steps: formulating the research question, establishing strategic search strategies, and data extraction and analysis. The studies have been identified by searching academic search engines and refined the recognized publications unbiasedly. The researchers have then thematically analyzed the objectives and findings of the selected studies resulting in the identification of seven themes in the field of students' evacuation behavior during school time. Finally, the study put forward suggestions for future research directions to efficiently address the recognized knowledge gaps.</p

Comprehensive Success Evaluation Framework for Socio-Natural Disaster Recovery Projects

There is an ample amount of studies attempting to evaluate the success of recovery projects. However, they mostly focused on unilateral success indicators and ignored the continual lifespan and various stakeholders. This study has focused on addressing these obstacles by proposing a comprehensive success evaluation framework for recovery projects following socio-natural disasters through identifying the success dimensions and their effectual parameters. Triangulation of the results of quantitative and qualitative methods and the logic of qualitative comparative analysis were used to answer the research questions. System thinking and the concept of resiliency and sustainability, known as key performance indicators, structured the success measurements. The effectual elements on the success, critical success factors, were grouped according to the continuous life-cycle of these projects. Finally, the framework for success evaluation of socio-natural disaster recovery projects illustrates interactions among the deducted critical success factors and key performance indicators. The proposed framework may serve as more efficient guidelines to set and follow the recovery goals, comprehensively considering a wide range of stakeholders and long-term recovery. The results of this study can be subject to further research by using different methods to enhance the comprehensivity of the framework. The authors will conduct further research to verify the suggested framework by implementing case studies

Application of System Thinking and Factors Interrelationship Analysis to Identify Primary Success Factors of Post-Natural Disaster Recovery Projects

An increasing number of natural disasters and deficiencies in recovery projects have emerged recently and necessitated the creation of versatile guidelines to achieve successful Post-Natural Disaster Recovery (PNDR) projects. Although some criteria have been set to measure these PNDR projects’ success, this topic needs further investigation. The solution may be extensive studies offering a holistic explanation for PNDR projects’ success. This paper creates a comprehensive continual cycle to illustrate these projects’ objectives. Subsequently, subsets or influential elements of the defined objectives can be recognized. Recently, several attempts have been made to apply System Thinking to construct a framework of the influential factors in a successful PNDR project; however, there is little focus in the previous works on identifying all the influential elements. This study can be separated into two parts; the first involves context analysis, which is applied to numerous resources coded by NVivo 2020 and several codes derived from five subsystems. Subsequently, the identified factors within the PNDR projects’ life cycle are analyzed twice, and the existing interrelationships are found out. The factors’ redundancy is examined, and among the 59 final factors, an objective-based categorization is performed. The time-based objectives, known as Primary Success Factors (PSFs), and their subsets/influential parameters are lastly illustrated and used to structure the identification and measurement of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for future research

Comprehensive Success Evaluation Framework for Socio-Natural Disaster Recovery Projects

There is an ample amount of studies attempting to evaluate the success of recovery projects. However, they mostly focused on unilateral success indicators and ignored the continual lifespan and various stakeholders. This study has focused on addressing these obstacles by proposing a comprehensive success evaluation framework for recovery projects following socio-natural disasters through identifying the success dimensions and their effectual parameters. Triangulation of the results of quantitative and qualitative methods and the logic of qualitative comparative analysis were used to answer the research questions. System thinking and the concept of resiliency and sustainability, known as key performance indicators, structured the success measurements. The effectual elements on the success, critical success factors, were grouped according to the continuous life-cycle of these projects. Finally, the framework for success evaluation of socio-natural disaster recovery projects illustrates interactions among the deducted critical success factors and key performance indicators. The proposed framework may serve as more efficient guidelines to set and follow the recovery goals, comprehensively considering a wide range of stakeholders and long-term recovery. The results of this study can be subject to further research by using different methods to enhance the comprehensivity of the framework. The authors will conduct further research to verify the suggested framework by implementing case studies

Why Do Communities Recover Differently after Socio-Natural Disasters? Pathways to Comprehensive Success of Recovery Projects Based on Bam&rsquo;s (Iran) Neighborhoods&rsquo; Perspective

Although recent studies have provided explanations for the causes of success and failure in recovery projects following socio-natural disasters, there is a need for a concise understanding of how different combinations of factors may contribute to recovery failure or success. In this study, to examine the community recovery pathways after the 2003 Bam earthquake, we conducted a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of 11 neighborhoods in Bam city and Baravat (the neighborhoods represent the division of the areas damaged by the earthquake, as presented by local government). The success of socio-natural disaster recovery projects is presented in three pathways in which the absence or presence of public engagement had a significant influence on the results. The results indicate that a recovery project should respond to the needs of the project within the continuous lifecycle of the project. Additionally, on the one hand, public participation and prompt rescue operations have a significant effect on project success. On the other hand, neglecting the needs of people and the area&rsquo;s climate in housing design have led to project failure. It is expected that the findings from this study can be used to develop strategies for empowering people in recovery projects and to develop housing guidelines that respect residents&rsquo; needs while focusing on on-time and sufficient rescue processes. However, care should be taken when applying the present findings in practice, because every socio-natural disaster is unique and requires careful consideration of complex sets of features

Dual disasters:Seismic evacuation decision-making during COVID-19 lockdown: A case study of Luding earthquake, Sichuan Province

Although there is a growing body of literature on the COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented strategies that have imposed additional risks in tackling emergencies by increasing socio-economic vulnerabilities, studies on human evacuation behavior during lockdowns are lacking. This paper contributes to evacuation and emergency research by examining seismic evacuation decision-making by surveying the areas affected by the Luding earthquake on 5 September 2022, when most parts of Sichuan province were experiencing strict pandemic restrictions. Using these data and per the emergency evacuation decision-making mechanism, we developed six hierarchical series of logistic regression models. Our major results suggest that 1) Socio-demographic parameters have shown different correlations with the study's dependent variables in each stage of those hierarchical models, 2) Respondents at home at the time of the earthquake were more likely to identify the earthquake risk than those who stayed outdoors; the former group showed less willingness to evacuate, 3) Rural residents have perceived higher earthquake risks than urban residents, and 4) Loss of job, change in income due to COVID-19 restrictions, and difficulty accessing daily supplies during the lockdown affected the residents' risk assessment and evacuation decision-making negatively. Insights into these aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of evacuation behavior during double disasters by modifying emergency response regulations and providing the residents with information about emergencies during pandemic restrictions.</p

What Determines BIM Competition Results of Undergraduate Students in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry?

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become the development trend in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. BIM discipline competition is an effective way for students of AEC-related disciplines to integrate theory with practice, and it is a key link to cultivate qualified BIM practitioners. This study takes participants of the 8th National College BIM Graduation Design Innovation Competition as the research objects. The Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior are combined to build a driving factor model of the competitions. Contestants of the competition were asked to complete online questionnaires, and 451 valid samples were finally obtained. Structural Equation Modeling was used to fit the theoretical model, and it was found that: Behavioral Intention to use BIM is directly and positively affected by Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Perceived Usefulness, as well as indirectly and positively affected by Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Eased of Usefulness. Competition Results is directly and positively affected by Behavioral Intention to use BIM, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Facilitating Conditions. It is also indirectly and positively affected by Attitude, Perceived Behavior Control, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Eased of Usefulness. The results show that the situation of students&rsquo; participation in BIM competition can be optimized by increasing the publicity and promotion of BIM and related policies, strengthening the construction of supporting teaching facilities, building the integrated curriculum system of BIM technology, and strengthening teacher training. This study provides a theoretical reference for further BIM practice, and it would help improve the corresponding teaching organization and enhance the internal drive of students&rsquo; BIM learning

What Determines’ BIM Competition Results of Undergraduate Students in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry?

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become the development trend in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. BIM discipline competition is an effective way for students of AEC-related disciplines to integrate theory with practice, and it is a key link to cultivate qualified BIM practitioners. This study takes participants of the 8th National College BIM Graduation Design Innovation Competition as the research objects. The Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior are combined to build a driving factor model of the competitions. Contestants of the competition were asked to complete online questionnaires, and 451 valid samples were finally obtained. Structural Equation Modeling was used to fit the theoretical model, and it was found that: Behavioral Intention to use BIM is directly and positively affected by Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Perceived Usefulness, as well as indirectly and positively affected by Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Eased of Usefulness. Competition Results is directly and positively affected by Behavioral Intention to use BIM, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Facilitating Conditions. It is also indirectly and positively affected by Attitude, Perceived Behavior Control, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Eased of Usefulness. The results show that the situation of students’ participation in BIM competition can be optimized by increasing the publicity and promotion of BIM and related policies, strengthening the construction of supporting teaching facilities, building the integrated curriculum system of BIM technology, and strengthening teacher training. This study provides a theoretical reference for further BIM practice, and it would help improve the corresponding teaching organization and enhance the internal drive of students’ BIM learning.Design & Construction Managemen

Building Information Modeling Learning Behavior of AEC Undergraduate Students in China

With the popularization and application of Building Information Modeling (BIM), the demand for BIM technical talents in the construction industry is increasing. Exploring college students’ BIM technical learning behavior is of great practical significance to improve education activities. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this research adds learning attitude variables to construct a theoretical model of influencing factors of college students’ BIM technology learning behavior. Chinese undergraduate students were asked to complete online questionnaires through peer-to-peer contact with sample colleges and universities. Finally, 1090 valid questionnaires were obtained. The students were sampled from research-oriented, applied research-oriented, application-oriented, and private research-oriented universities in seven regions of China: northeast, north, east, south, central, northwest, and southwest. The structural equation model was used to analyze the sampling data. The results indicate that college students’ BIM learning attitude, performance expectations, and social influence positively and directly impact their learning intention, which indirectly impacts their learning behavior. At the same time, promoting factors and learning intention demonstrate a significant positive and direct impact on learning behavior. Therefore, the following suggestions have been put forward to enhance college students’ learning motivation for BIM technology: increase the popularization of BIM technology in colleges and universities and improve the operation level of full-time BIM teachers. The latter enables colleges and universities to continuously and stably export qualified BIM technical talents to society and the market, resulting in a continuous industry development cycleDesign & Construction Managemen

A Scoping Literature Review of Rural Institutional Elder Care

Under circumstances of pervasive global aging combined with weakened traditional family elder care, an incremental demand for institutional elder care is generated. This has led to a surge in research regarding institutional elder care. Rural residents’ institutional elder care is receiving more attention as a major theme in social sciences and humanities research. Based on 94 articles related to rural institutional elder care, this study identified the most influential articles, journals and countries in rural institutional elder care research since 1995. This was done using science mapping methods through a three-step workflow consisting of bibliometric retrieval, scoping analysis and qualitative discussion. Keywords revealed five research mainstreams in this field: (1) the cognition and mental state of aged populations, (2) the nursing quality and service supply of aged care institutions, (3) the aged care management systems’ establishment and improvements, (4) the risk factors of admission and discharge of aged care institutions, and (5) deathbed matters regarding the aged population. A qualitative discussion is also provided for 39 urban and rural comparative research papers and 55 pure rural research papers, summarizing the current research progress status regarding institutional elder care systems in rural areas. Gaps within existing research are also identified to indicate future research trends (such as the multi-dimensional and in-depth comparative research on institutional elder care, new rural institutional elder care model and technology, and correlative policy planning and development), which provides a multi-disciplinary guide for future research.Design & Construction Managemen